Protein Energy Malnutrition
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Insufficient consumption of protein & energy causes loss of both body mass & adipose tissue, although one or the other loss may predominate in a given individual. Adults with PEM generally lose weight (may be masked by oedema). Triceps skin fold thickness & mid arm muscle area are reduced. In the absence of 
renal disease the ratio of 24-h urine creatinine to height is a sensitive indicator of protein malnutrition (should be measured weekly). Severe PEM is characterised by more profound abnormalities in body composition & laboratory findings.Tags:
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