Which of the following developmental abnormalities might account for unexplained small intestinal bleeding?
A. Central nervous system heterotopia
B. Gastric heterotopia
C. Pancreatic heterotopia
D. Parathyroid heterotopia
E. Thyroid heterotopia
Answer
Which of the following does not complicate pyelonephritis:
a. pyonephrosis
b. papillary necrosis
c. renal stones
d. perinephric abscess
e. renal cell carcinoma
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Fanconi syndrome, a tubular functional disorder characterized by abnormal proximal tubular function, has all of the following characteristics except:
a. aminoaciduria
b. polyuria and polydipsia
c. glucosuria
d. phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia
e. excess bicarbonate loss and hence metabolic acidosis
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Renal tubular carcinoma has all of the following characteristics except:
A. a disease of middle-aged and elderly individuals
B. a transitional cell neoplasm
C. metastases may affect a wide variety of organs
D. associated with the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p
E. the likelihood of metastases is strongly linked to the size of the tumor
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The most common complication of minimal change disease is:
Infection
Hemorrhage
Side-effects of steroid therapy
End-stage renal disease
Renal vein thrombosis
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Primary IgA nephropathy is believed to result from which immunopathogenetic mechanism?
Deposition of immune complexes containing IgA1 in mesangium with activation of alternative complement pathway
Defective hepatic clearance of immune complexes containing IgA
Increased mucosal synthesis of IgA that cross reacts with mesangial antigens
monoclonal B cell proliferation producing mesangiopathic IgA
planted viral antigens in mesangium inducing an autoimmune response
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Which of the following is not likely to cause large (mechanical) bile duct obstruction?
a. lymphadenopathy from Hodgkins lymphoma at the liver hilum
b. cholangiocarcinoma at the bifurcation of the right and left hepatic ducts (“Klatzkin tumor”)
c. primary biliary cirrhosis
d. chronic gallstone disease
e. cancer of the head of the pancreas
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Which of the following is not a feature of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)?
a. sclerosis of extrahepatic bile ducts
b. granulomatous distruction of small to medium size bile ducts
c. serum anti-mitochondrial antibodies
d. increased incidence in women
e. increased incidence after the 5th decade of life
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“Activity” of disease in chronic hepatitis may feature all of the following EXCEPT:
a. interface hepatitis (“piecemeal necrosis”)
b. lobular hepatitis
c. bridging necrosis
d. portal inflammation
e. portal-portal fibrous septa
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Elevations of unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin in serum:
a. are not seen with hemolytic anemias.
b. may have a genetic basis.
c. do not have the potential to cause neurologic damage.
d. will be cleared through the kidney.
e. are not seen in cirrhosis.
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All of the following are true of hepatocellular adenoma except:
Hepatocellular adenomas have no risk of malignant transformation.
Athletes taking anabolic steroids are at increased risk of developing hepatocellular adenomas.
Hepatocellular adenomas have a small risk of malignant transformation.
Hepatocellular adenomas often out grow their blood supplies giving rise to focal hemorrhagic necrosis.
Hepatocellular adenomas are not associated with chronic liver disease.
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Which of the following appearances correlate with gallstone constituents ?
yellow appearance with cholesterol
black appearance with bilirubin
radio-opacity with calcium
brown color with infection
all of the above
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Complications of mitral valve prolapse include all of the following except:
A. Stroke
B. Arrhythmias
C. Infective endocarditis
D. Mitral stenosis
E. Embolism of leaflet thrombi
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Disorders predisposing to cor pulmonale include all of the following except:
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
C. Left-sided heart failure
D. Kyphoscoliosis.
E. Pulmonary embolism
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Which of the following statements is not true concerning sudden cardiac death?
A. Unexpected death usually occurs within one hour after symptoms, if any, begin.
B. New myocardial infarction found in greater than 75%.
C. Lethal arrhythmia usual mechanism of death
D. Often the first clinical manifestation of IHD.
E. Strikes about 350,000 individuals annually in the U.S.
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All of the following are potential manifestations of ischemic heart disease except:
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Chronic ischemic heart disease
C. Sudden cardiac death
D. Myocarditis
E. Angina pectoris
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Which of the following would be a finding in pure left-sided congestive heart failure:
A. Cor pulmonale
B. Prerenal azotemia
C. Splenic congestion
D. "Nutmeg” liver
E. Ascites
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All of the following are associated with syphilitic aneurysms except:
A. “Cor bovinum” ("cow’s heart”)
B. "Tree-barking”
C. confined to abdominal aorta
D. obliterative endarteritis
E. aortic valvular insuffiency
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The four most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis include all of the following except:
A. Smoking
B. Hypertension
C. “Type A” personality
D. Diabetes
E. Hyperlipidemia
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