Cardiac Malformations
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VSD – most common CHD (25%), membranous type most common, large LA/RV, LV remains normal;
ASD – ostium secundum type most common, large RA/RV/PA;
PDA – premature infants, maternal rubella, large LA/LV/aorta;
ECD – ostium primum ASD, Down’s, gooseneck deformity on angio from LV outlet obstruction; PAPVR – right SVC most common, IVC (scimitar syndrome)
Tetralogy of Fallot – most common cyanotic CHD of childhood, pulmonic stenosis/RVH/VSD/overriding aorta, boot-shaped heart, right aortic arch in 25%, small or concave PA;
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