BRCA 1 - BRCA 2 cause early breast cancer
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![Accommodating risk: Responses to BRCA1/2 genetic testing of women who have had cancer [An article from: Social Science & Medicine]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_ugHkX081lOazbB1F0d8WIRCwwlL9vWJhWHT8SmOQP84a0sbE7LCgPf0GED3vRd2ypl9kD_LS9macG6so990gscgNNKEct-tNFXBvczkvO0HImDP41IXUOHRO9A3b_Z6pJ6u9mpenjYt8lncWnJDGlrnSV8p7uIu_2_dvS0Yrb-2FI4wh49RNtbAjDEJ9QFYI1fe6xV3svCOUkTLmAQMv-HNfwdOU06t6l7V64dlw=s0-d)
BRCA 1 & BRCA 2 cause early breast cancer (dominant inheritance). ATM gene causes breast cancer 
– DNA repair disorder (recessive inheritance). P53 mutations are found in ~60% of all human cancer types including breast. Note Li-Frumeni syndrome – vulnerable to a wide range of cancers, 50% likelihood of Ca by age 30 & 90% by age 65. The precise function of p53 is unknown – may act as DNA policeman to prevent transcription & replication of unstable DNA.Bcl-2 is involved in the control of apoptosis (programmed cell death) & prevents the p53 mediated destruction of cells with damaged DNA. It also may prevent the death of cells severely damaged by chemotherapy, & mediates drug resistance & contributes to neoplasia by this mechanism rather than promoting aberrant cell growth. It was first identified because of an association with follicular lymphoma.
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