Internal Medicine Solution 4

Traumatic causes

Lightning strike

Immobilization

Extensive third-degree burn

Crush injury

Heat-related causes

Heatstroke

Malignant hyperthermia

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Ischemic causes

Ischemic limb injury

Exertional causes

Marathon running

Physical overexertion in untrained athletes

Pathologic muscle exertion

Heat dissipation impairment

Physical overexertion in persons with sickle cell disease

Infectious causes

Viruses: influenza virus B, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus

Bacteria: Streptococcus, Salmonella, Legionella, Staphyloccus and Listeria species

Inflammatory causes

Polymyositis

Dermatomyositis

Capillary leak syndrome

Snake bites (mostly in South America, Asia and Africa)

Metabolic and endocrinologic causes

Electrolyte imbalances: hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia

Hypothyroidism

Thyrotoxicosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome

Category: Medicine MCQs