The Correct Answer is C
The pterygomandibular raphé (
pterygomandibular
ligament) is a tendinous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached by one extremity to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and by the other to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.
- Its medial surface is covered by the mucous membrane of the mouth.
- Its lateral surface is separated from the ramus of the mandible by a quantity of adipose tissue.
- Its posterior border gives attachment to the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
- Its anterior border attaches to the posterior edge of the buccinator.
The Correct Answer is b
* Parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular glands is
provided by the superior salivatory nucleus via the chorda tympani, a branch of the facial nerve that synapses in the submandibular ganglion after which it follows the Lingual nerve leaving this nerve as it approaches the gland. Increased parasympathetic activity promotes the secretion of saliva.
* The sympathetic nervous system regulates
submandibular secretions
through vasoconstriction of the arteries that supply it. Increased sympathetic activity reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing salivary secretions and producing an enzyme rich serous saliva.
The correct Answer is a,e
Cavernous sinus lies between the cranial and meningeal layers of the dura mater beside the body of the sphenoid bone;
Cranial Nerves III, IV and V1 are in its lateral wall;
the internal carotid artery and cranial nerve VI are in its lumen.
The correct Answer is a,b
BUCCINATOR, is the most deeply located facial muscle forming the muscular foundation of the cheek. During mastication, the buccinator in conjunction with the tongue, places the food between the upper and lower teeth for grinding. In addition, since its most anterior muscular fibres extend into the upper and lower lips, the action of the muscle (in conjunction with that of the orbicularis oris), not only closes the mouth, but pressed the lips back upon the teeth, pulls the angle of the mouth laterally and flattens the cheek.
It arises from the outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, corresponding to the three molar teeth; and behind, from the anterior border of the pterygomandibular raphé which separates it from the superior constrictor of the pharynx.
The PAROTID DUCT (excretory) emerges from its (parotid glands) superficial portion, courses medially contacting the anterior border of the masseter muscle and the buccal fat pad, then, passes deeply through the buccinator muscle to open into the oral cavity opposite the second maxillary molar tooth.
Motor innervation is from the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), and sensory innervation is from the buccal branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).
