'Whip-lash' injuries
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This injury occurs due to rear end automobile collision.The body of victim is accelerated by the impact force but the head is left behind.Sudden hyperextension followed by sudden hyperflexion occurs. It is mentioned that in mild forms only subtle hyperextension injuries zare found in X Ray.So hyperextension being the primary injury is most important answer.
Note:
Characteristic feature is that Plain X ray may be normal. Radiological features suggestive of this unstable injury are
1) Widening of anterior disc space
2) Injury to facets joints, pedicle or lamina
3) Avulsion fractures of anterior vertebral body
4) Retropharyngeal swelling / Fracture of posterior facet.Reversal of cervical lordosis suggests damage to posterior facets and manifests as S Shaped (swan neck deformity)Kyphosis seen most often at C4-C5, C5-C6 levels.
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how it differs from railway spine?
Railway Spine is Back injury with injury to the spinal cord (common in railway workers).Railway spine is often known as "Erichsen's disease".This is the same injury mechanism found in whiplash. Erichsen observed that those most likely to be injured in a railway crash were those sitting with their backs to the acceleration.
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