Surgery for Hypospadiasis

The correct answer is E.

Explanation:

Hypospadias, which is congenital displacement of the urethral opening onto the ventral surface (underside) of the penis, is due to malformation of the urethral groove and canal. Hypospadias frequently accompanies other genitourinary anomalies, especially cryptorchidism. Isolated hypospadias is repaired because the abnormal opening is often constricted, leading to urinary retention and ascending urinary tract infections. Another important consequence of hypospadias is sterility, which occurs if the opening is too close to the base of the penis to permit normal ejaculation. Although hypospadias can occur in isolation, it is strongly associated with other urogenital anomalies.

Bladder exstrophy (choice A) is a completely unrelated congenital malformation in which the abdominal wall and anterior bladder wall form incompletely, and the bladder mucosa is exposed to the environment.

Hydrocele (choice B) is a serous accumulation in the tunica vaginalis, often producing a readily apparent scrotal mass. Hydrocele usually arises without any obvious cause.

Phimosis (choice C) is the condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the head of the penis. It is usually either a congenital malformation or a consequence of scarring.

Urachal cysts (choice D) are produced by areas of persistent urachal epithelium, which may be present anywhere between the bladder and the umbilicus.

Category: Surgery MCQs