Osteoarthritis is likely to involve
inflammation of the synovial membrane and pannus formation
degeneration of articular cartilage and changes to the underlying bone
pannus formation and degeneration of the articular cartilage
degeneration of articular cartilage with no changes to the underlying bone
Answer
Which of the following statements best describes osteoporosis?
reduction in bone mineralisation
increased porosity of bone due to loss of bone mass
bone loss through increased activity of osteoblasts
increased porosity of bone due to reduced activity of osteoclasts
Answer
Bone tumours are most commonly:
- primary benign neoplasms
- primary malignant neoplasms
- seen in infancy
- metastatic tumours from breast or lung
Answer
The best understood intracellular messenger is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Which of the following statement(s) concerning this intracellular messenger is/are correct?
a. Intracellular cyclic AMP is constantly degraded by a specific enzyme, cAMP phosphodiesterase
b. Most of the actions of cAMP are mediated by activation of protein kinase A
c. Intracellular levels of cAMP are relatively stable and change solely in response to activation of adenylate cyclase
d. cAMP is the only cyclic nucleotide active as an intracellular messenger
The activities of the cytoskeleton is dependent on which of the following types of filaments?
a. Microtubules
b. Intermediate filaments
c. Actin filaments
d. All of the above
Intracellular organelles involved with protein synthesis include:
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi complex
- Lysosomes
Answer
There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning energy converting transport?
a. The site of energy conversion and transport in the plasma membrane involves the phospholipid component
b. The Na+-K++-ATPase derives energy from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP
c. In some systems, energy inherent in the transmembrane ion gradient can be used to drive transport of a second species
d. Examples of species transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose
Answer
Which of the following statement(s) is incorrect concerning cell junctions ?
a. The major occluding junction is the tight junction or zonula occludens
b. Tight junctions are usually located near the basal pole of the cell
c. Desmosomes are button-like points of attachment which serve to weld together adjacent cells
d. Gap junctions are a type of cell junction specialized for cell communication
Physiology MCQ 02 Answer
Examples of ion channel blockers include all except:
a.Tetrodotoxin
b.Amiloride
c.Xylocaine
d.None of the above
Answer
Which substance in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria is a potent endotoxin (released when the bacteria die)?
peptidoglycan
lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide
lipoproteins
antigenic polysaccharides
Answer
The transport of proteins out of the cell is termed exocytosis. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true
concerning this process?
a. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane
b. The process can occur in either a constitutive or regulated process
c. A regulated secretion is triggered by a stimulus, most likely a hormone or a neurotransmitter
d. A decrease in cytoplasmic calcium occurs as part of the secretion process
Answer
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning water movement across cell membranes?
a. Water moves only actively through cell membrane transport proteins
b. For most cells of the body, the transmembrane hydrostatic pressure is 0
c. Water distribution is determined entirely by solute distribution
d. Specialized cells such as the glomerulus of the kidney actively transport water to maintain hydrostatic pressure
Answer
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane?
a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules
b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane contains specialized transport proteins which maintain the intracellular ionic milieu different from the extracellular fluid
c. Plasma membrane proteins extend externally and bear phospholipid moieties which contribute to the cell coat
d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent
Answer
Which of the following interfere with normal collagen formation or cross-linking?
A. Beta-aminopropionitrile.
B. Iron chelators.
C. Vitamin C depletion.
D. Proline analogs (e.g., cis-hydroxyproline).
E. D-Penicillamine.
Answer
Which of the following is/are true?
A. Because of its thickness, the tensile strength of a healing wound on the eyelid is much less than one on the thick skin of the back.
B. By 2 days, the experimental burst strength of skin is minimal since collagen has been formed in the wound but has not yet cross-linked.
C. Wound strength reaches a plateau by 3 weeks.
D. Wounds rarely, if ever, regain the strength of intact tissues.
Answer
Proteins that are destined to be secreted from the cells must pass through a series of organelles. These organelles include all except: 
