Answer
b) eradication of infection & correction of hearing
Answer
c) widening of the wound by removal of some stitches
Answer
a) trauma
Answer
a) otosclerosis
Answer
d) rhinosceleroma
Answer
b) cautery of the bleeding point
Answer
a) acute suppurative otitis media
Answer
b) foreign body inhalation
Answer
c) antrochoanal polyp
Answer
a) respiratory obstruction
Answer
a) perforation at pars flaccida
Examination in chronic secretory Otitis Media:
- Retracted drum is the main sign, diagnosed by:
- Distorted cone of light.
- Foreshortening of the malleus handle.
- Prominent anterior and posterior malleolar fold.
- Prominent short process of the malleus.
- Diminished drum mobility.
- The drum may show fluid level appear as a hair line.
- Air bubbles may be present behind the drum.
Answer
c) haemophilia
Answer
b) bilateral posterior choanal atresia
Bilateral cases present as an emergency at birth because neonates are obligate nasal breathers. The neonate suffers severe respiratory difficulties and cyanosis until he cries and the mouth is opened. After a few quick breathes, the lips close again and this sequence of events continues. If not properly managed, the child commonly die from respiratory obstruction.
Answer
c) foreign body
Always look for foreign bodies in the orifices in children.
Answer
b) posterior reservoir sign
Answer
b) fixed left vocal cord
Due to long winding course of Left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Answer
a) deviation of the mouth to the same side of lesion
Answer
b) surgical correction of deviated septum below 17 years
It is conservative surgical correction of the severely deviated nasal septum in children causing severe nasal obstruction leading to chronic mouth breathing with its harmful effect on development of the midface, repeated chest infection and chronic paranasal sinus infection, dental deformities, recurrent suppurative otitis media …etc.
Answer
d) incision & drainage
Answer B. A 35 year old male with Wegener's necrotizing granulomatosis and vasculitis
Answer D. Mycoplasma interstitial pneumonitis
Answer B. A 65 year old chronic smoker hospitalized in traction after a motor vehicle accident with multiple pelvic fractures
Answer D. Asbestos exposure
Asbestos is a special type of long-thin silica crystal, usually of the mineral group chrysotile. In tissue, these crystals are highly irritative and highly fibrogenic. The fibers become coated with a protein-iron-calcium matrix, giving them a shish-kebab appearance. These are called "ferruginous bodies" because they are highlighted with an iron stain.
Answer B. A cough productive of sputum for 3 months for at least 2 years.
Answer A. Allergic asthma
Answer
B. Non caseating granulomata
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown cause characterized by noncaseating granulomas in many tissues and organs, but it can cause restrictive lung disease also.
Sarcoidosis is multisystem (eye and skin involvement) but the major manifestations are bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy or lung involvement or both and these can be seen on x-ray. The lymph nodes and tonsils (in one-third of cases) are affected and are enlarged and lobulated. When seen on x-ray, the bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy is referred to as
“potato nodes”.
Answer
d) collection of wax
Answer
c) atrophic rhinitis
Answer
d) post- adenoidectomy bleeding
Answer
b ) middle ear effusion
Answer
b) fixation of stapes by fibrous tissue
Otosclerosis : fibrous osteodystrophy of the human otic capsule
Answer
a) rheumatic fever
Contraindications:
Absolute:- Blood diseases as haemophilia, purpura, leukaemia and agranulocytosis.
- When enlargement is a part of a systemic disease as lymphoma and leukaemia.
- General contraindications to operation.
Relative:
- During acute attacks à wait for 2 weeks.
- During quinsy à wait for 4 weeks.
- During upper respiratory tract infections à wait for 2 weeks.
- During active rheumatic fever.
- During epidemics of poliomylitis.
- During an active general disease (T.B., hypertension).
- During menses.
- Cleft palate.
- Age: less than 3 years.
